Arizona Senate passes measure to send legislative pay increase to voters

A majority of state senators want to ask voters to double their pay, with the claim that Arizonans may get a better, or at least broader, choice of people to represent them.

The 20-9 vote Wednesday to send the issue to the November ballot came on the proposal by Senate Majority Leader John Kavanagh (R-Fountain Hills) who has argued that voters can be convinced that the time has come to revisit the current $24,000 salary.

Under the Arizona Constitution, legislative pay can be altered only if there is a recommendation from the Commission on Salaries for Elective State Officers — and then only if voters ratify that proposal. But every effort since 1998 to hike salaries has been rejected at the ballot box.

Kavanagh is trying something different. He wants voters to scrap the constitutional provisions about commission recommendations and voter approval. In its place would be an amendment saying that salaries would be adjusted every year based on changes in the cost of living as measured by the consumer price index.

If the proposal is approved, first by the House and then by voters, that would make future increases on legislative pay automatic and mark the last time that lawmakers would need to go to voters for authorization.

What is not obvious is that Kavanagh worded his SCR 1020 so that the indexing would begin based not on the current salary — assuming the measure is approved — but would instead be computed from that 1998 increase. And that translates out to an immediate pay boost of more than $48,000, according to an inflation calculator from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Sen. Mitzi Epstein (D-Tempe) told colleagues that a pay hike is justified. She said while Arizona is supposed to have a part-time Legislature, the reality is that it can take 60 hours a week. And it's been years since lawmakers have adjourned in April, as the rules require.

"The compensation needs to be there so that we can recruit people to do the job who are not all ready to pay their way," Epstein said.

Closely linked to that, she said, is having a Legislature that is more reflective of the population. Epstein is not seeking reelection but said she wants to be part of that recruitment process.

"We cannot reach that representation goal unless we are providing a salary that you can live on," Epstein said. "And $24,000 a year is not livable unless, in my case, already living on retirement savings."

Sen. Mark Finchem (R-Prescott) agreed with the idea that a higher salary will lead to a more diverse Legislature.

"That means Joe Average can leave a job, or take a sabbatical for a couple of years, run for office, serve, and then goes back to his job without sacrificing that median home income for his family," he said.

Finchem is seeking reelection and could stand to benefit from the bill. He was previously in the state House for eight years, left to make an unsuccessful bid for secretary of state, and then moved to Prescott, where he waged a successful bid to represent the area in the Senate.

Sen. Lauren Kuby (D-Tempe), who is in her first term in the Legislature, echoed the diversity sentiment to Capitol Media Services after the vote. Still, she couldn’t support the measure.

"We certainly want people of all incomes to have the opportunity to run for office," Kuby said. "Why is this a priority when Arizona's working families are struggling for fair wages?"

She also noted it is now nine weeks into the 2026 legislative session.

"And we haven't centered our attention on real struggles and issues affecting our communities," Kuby said. "If there were a performance evaluation from our constituents, not sure how well we would score."

Also voting against the measure was Sen. J.D. Hoffman (R-Queen Creek), who had his own set of reasons. Hoffman told Capitol Media Services he isn't buying the argument that higher salaries will result in a larger pool of qualified contenders.

Consider, he said, the congressional salary of $174,000 a year.

"Yet, Congress limps along with approval ratings barely above 20%," he said. And Hoffman, first elected in 2022 and seeking another term in November, said that California and New York, with salaries of $132,000 and $142,000 respectively, "have become poster children for overreach, bureaucracy, and policies many view as outright fascist and authoritarian."

"Raising pay ... simply entrenches career politicians, rewards incumbency, and further disconnects them from the people they claim to serve," he said. "Proposals to increase pay for politicians only ever product higher pay for politicians, nothing more and nothing less. Period."

Sen. J.D. Mesnard (R-Chandler) said he's not against the concept.

"It's not a terrible idea," said Mesnard, who was first elected to the Legislature in 2010. He also is not seeking reelection and would not be affected by what voters decide.

But he, too, voted against the measure, questioning whether it makes sense to set up a system where lawmakers would get an automatic cost-of-living increase every year.

"That's a little bit more generous than most employers provide," Mesnard said.

He also has a practical concern: Would voters, learning that approval of the measure would immediately double legislative salaries, be willing to go along?

Kavanagh, for his part, said he's not worried about that. He said it's just a matter of explaining to voters that this really shouldn't be seen as doubling legislative pay.

He said when voters approved the last pay hike in 1998 — an increase from $15,000 that had been in effect since 1980 — they thought that $24,000 was an appropriate wage for that time. All his measure does, he said, is ask voters to adjust the current wages to match that level.

And he says the proposal is fair: It is structured so that if there is deflation and the consumer price index drops, so would the salaries of legislators for the following year.

Kavanagh, who was first elected in 2006, is hoping for yet another two-year term. His measure now goes to the House.

History of legislative pay

• Original 1912 Arizona Constitution: $7 per day
• 1932 initiative — $8 per day.
• 1958 referendum — $3,600 per year
• 1968 referendum — $6,000 per year
• 1980 salary commission recommendation approved by voters — $15,000
• 1998 salary commission recommendation approved by voters — $24,000.